Stanley Needleman Collection, 3

View of Cape Morris Jesup, view south. Arctic Ocean is in the foreground (Sykes)

Omers Lake along Arctic Ocean in Northeast Greenland (R. Sykes) [Romer Sø?]

View of Centrum Lake to ice cap at south end. Peary Land (R.Sykes)

Needleman and Davies on Greenland Ice Cap during a storm whiteout condition.

Lake Peters near Thule AFB study to determine if lake ice can support aircraft

Cabaniss removing block of ice cut from Lake for strength tests

Underground natural refrigerator dug into permafrost at Alert weather station

Use of a 5 man canvas tent staked down and weighted by large boulders

Air Force SA-16 aircraft reverses propellers to back off the soft mud flood zone

Davies stakes 5-man tent with aid of boulders to protect against storms, wind

Crew of SA-16 aircraft launch pneumatic raft from aircraft for moving personnel

Aerial view of Station Nord, Danish weather station, northeast tip of Greenland

Crew members leave SA-16 aircraft in special exposure suits in Centrum Lake.

Lt. Col. Wilson rests on terrace west of Centrum Lake during reconnaissance

Field reconnaissance of Saefaxi River to Greenland Ice Cap over high terraces

Vegetation on upper terraces of Centrum Lake area toward Greenland Ice Cap.

View of Saefaxi River valley to the high terraces back to the Greenland Ice Cap.

Field party landed at Station Alert, waiting clear weather. Dogs roaming near

SA-16 aircraft unloading supplies and equipment by raft at Bronlunds Fjord.

Aerial view of the airfield site on silt-clay flat at Bronlunds Fjord.

Musk ox is a lone bull near Bronlunds Fjord site. Grazed nearby often.

Bear tracks in mud polygons of soil at Bronlunds Fjord.

Close-up view of soil of silty-clay at Bronlunds Fjord.

Destroyed jeep in foreground. Jack Crowell prepares markings on runway

Needleman tests load-bearing strength of runway at Bronlunds Fjord

Air Force C-124 aircraft lands on runway at Bronlunds Fjord test site

Air Force C-124 aircraft rolls to a stop on runway at Bronlunds Fjord test site

Tire tracks of C-124 aircraft after 1st test landing, Bronlunds Fjord test site

Test pit on runway, Bronlunds Fjord, showing equipment for different soil tests

Air drop of fuel, rations and drinking water onto Bronlunds Fjord. Landed safely

SA-16 amphibious aircraft does a touch and go landing after airdrop

SA-16 aircraft practicing touch and go landing on runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

Air Force C-124 aircraft parked at base camp after test landings

Needleman runs jeep engine daily on back deck of USS Atka, icebreaker

Davies resting in bunk aboard the USS Atka prior to evening meal at Thule.

Helicopter from USS Atka returns to icebreaker after searching route thru ice

Cabaniss examines hinge crack between ice island T-3 and pack ice

Close-up of vegetation on plain of Polaris Promontory.

Count Eigil Knuth, archaeologist, and Dr. Aksel Norvang, geologist

Davies and Capt. Klick discuss ice conditions north of Thule AFB on the USS Atka

Project Leader Needleman discusses projects with skipper of USS Atka and team

Major iceberg en route from Thule AFB to Polaris Promontory.

Helicopter from USS Atka icebreaker lands after making reconnaissance

Capt. Klick stands on frost heave mound on Polaris Promontory, west of site.

Helicopter from USS Atka carries jeep trailer from Polaris Bay to runway site

Iceberg in bay near Thule AFB.

Typical bunks on board the icebreaker, which are more than adequate.

Craven operates radio to transmit and receive traffic from Thule and Atka

Close-up view of vegetation growing on Polaris Promontory.

USS Atka lowers landing craft into ice-packed Polaris Bay

Capt. Klick and Craven carry portable drill from base to core soil near runway

Navy helicopter from USS Atka at Polaris Promontory lands on terrace

Helicopter from USS Atka picks up jeep trailer and transports it to the base

Full view of kitchen area of tent. Hot food was prepared easily at Polaris.

Cover of equipment for Operation Groundhog with appropriate addresses for bases

Lt. Col. Wilson checks level of plain on Polaris Promontory.

Capt. Klick checks soil temperature profile in test pit in runway permafrost

Landing craft from the USS Atka returning to the icebreaker through the icebergs

Helicopter landing caches on shore, Polaris Bay, for use by archaeologist Knuth

Refueling small helicopter from USS Atka at site of Polaris Promontory.

Jeep and trailer on shore of Polaris Bay after landing by barge from USS Atka.

Landing barge headed for shore of Polaris Bay through the floating icebergs

USS Atka, icebreaker anchored in Polaris Bay surrounded by floating icebergs.

Vegetation found on Polaris Promontory in a moist area.

View of Polaris Bay from the landing barge of the USS Atka. Note ice field

USS Atka in Polaris Bay in the middle of sea ice

Helicopter from USS Atka transports camping equipment/supplies to base camp

Landing craft returns to USS Atka in Polaris Bay

Jeep with plow scraped down high spots on runway to level the surface

Engineer samples soil in test pit at 3" intervals; Klick and Craven

Twin peaks located at Teltbakken, south end of Polaris Promontory

Mudcrack pattern on Polaris Promontory showing compactness and pea-size gravel

Close-up view of ice in Independence Fjord near Bronlunds Fjord.

Capt. Klick adds equipment to pack of Needleman prior to reconnaissance

Capt. Klick records soils property data in his field book

Navy helicopter from USS Atka at British boat camp, Newman Bay near Polaris Prom

Survey of runway at Polaris Promontory using radio receiver. Wilson & Davies

Davies USGS completing field notes in sleeping tent at Polaris Promontory Site.

View of well-organized kitchen section of tent.

Craven and Capt. Klick dig test pit in runway on Polaris Promontory.

View of kitchen tent, Polaris Promontory

Ice pedestals formed beneath trailers on Ice Island T-3 due to extreme ablation

View south of Graystone River (Graasten Elv) and base camp at Polaris Promontory

Refueling jeep on runway at Polaris Promontory. Note red flags placed on lake

View of runway on Polaris Promontory. Note base camp at Graystone River

Assembling flags to mark runway on Polaris Promontory. Craven and Wilson

Starting test pit at Polaris Promontory runway. Soil appears cohesive.

Needleman covered by dust produced by scraping surface of runway of Polaris Prom

Helicopter from the USS Atka returning equipment and personnel to the icebreaker

Count Eigil Knuth, archaeologist, gov't.of Denmark, shows report to Atka crew

Lake Hazen Canadian Expedition party transported, Ellesmere Island to Thule

Soils engineer checks rut depth on Polaris Promontory runway after C-130 lands

Close-up of engineering test to determine bearing strength of surface using jeep

Field party: Needleman, Capt. Klick, Craven, Molineux, and Joseph at base camp

Test pit in gravel surface of airstrip at Polaris Promontory. Strongly compacted

Comparison of wheel rut with boot imprint to indicate strength of runway

Effect of grading by tractor leveling high uneven areas on runway, Polaris Promo

Impression on ground by wind whipping flag from prevailing westerly direction

Lt. Col. Wiener USAF Arctic Advisor, and Dr. Weidick, Govt. of Denmark observer

C-130 aircraft being loaded with airdrop bundles of fuel, food and equipment

Smoothing out rough spots on surface of runway at Polaris Promontory.

Disabled jeep is pushed on board Air Force C-130 aircraft by the tractor

C-130 aircraft flying over runway at Polaris Promontory prior to test landings.

Air crew of C-130 which made landing on runway at Polaris Promontory.

Helicopter from USCG Westwind stands by to cover test landing of Aircraft C-130

Air Force C-130 flies low over Polaris Promontory for test landing on runway.

Personnel load patient Dr. Weidick aboard the C-130 test aircraft.

View east to delta and base camp from terrace on S.E. shore. Krinsley foreground

C-54 aircraft flies cover as C-130 land on skis on Centrum Lake. Snow 4-6 feet

Unloading of C-130 aircraft of equipment, supplies and vehicles in the snow

C-130 aircraft off loads equipment, supplies in 4-6 feet of snow on Centrum Lake

C-130 departs Centrum Lake after first landing of equipment and supplies.

C-54 US Air Force aircraft flies cover for C-130 landing on Centrum Lake

Carrying equipment from supply depot on Centrum Lake off loaded by Air Force

Weasel being unloaded from C-130 aircraft on lake of snow-ice cover

Weasel transporting equipment and supplies from cache on Centrum Lake.

Paved road in snow made by weasel for all vehicles and foot traffic

Tractor drives over snow-packed road on Centrum Lake with no difficulty.

Assembling Jamesway hut on delta at Centrum Lake base camp. Needleman, Krinsley,

Installing thermistor cable into drill hole through snow and ice of Centrum Lake

Unwinding thermistor cable mounted on floating platform of 2 empty 55 gal drums.

Unwinding cable through drill hole to measured depth.Maher and Jokel

Live steam is used to melt permafrost for installation of thermocouple in delta

View east-northeast of delta and relative topography in area approaching 350 ft.

Jokela, field assistant, unwinding thermistor cable through drill hole

Digging test pit and installing thermocouple into permafrost below the delta

Frank Maher installing thermocouple into pit to measure air and ground temp.

View of weasel and sled on Centrum Lake which has a snow and ice cover.

View of base camp at Centrum Lake with snow cover 2 feet. NE Greenland

Snow-ice pit for drinking water and storing supplies in fiberglass containers

Weasel tows sled with snow-ice supply from ice pits in Centrum Lake for water

Melted elliptical shape snow mound in snow cover of delta at Centrum Lake.

Centrum Lake melting near center area. Weasel negotiates soft ice easily

Measuring ice thickness by tape measure in hole in ice of Centrum Lake

Proposed runway on the delta at Centrum Lake.

Dan Krinsley, USGS, stands at point of drainage of Saefaxi River into lake

Army weasel ground party from US Army Lead Dog Operation on main ice cap

View northeast from terrace north of flood plain and Saefaxi River

View north across flood plain and Saefaxi River toward south end of Centrum Lake

Centrum Lake moat is widening. Frank Maher is probing the safety of ice

Saefaxi River flows into Centrum Lake (south end) from terrace level,

Moat at Centrum Lake is widening. Frank Maher is probing the safety of the ice

Frank Maher is standing on ice float breaking off from ice cover on Centrum Lake

A thermistor cable site (#341) on Centrum Lake. On inflated pneumatic sled

Frank Maher stands in Saefaxi River which drains into Centrum River and measures

Close-up aerial view, edge of Greenland Ice Cap in Centrum Lake area

Checking edge of Greenland Ice Cap for access route to Centrum Lake

Krinsley arrives on Greenland Ice Cap, US Army Lead Dog Camp, by helicopter

Centrum Lake base camp flag raising ceremony as high tower (radio and meteor)

Soil polygons at Centrum Lake on delta, permafrost under soil indicated

Needleman sits on pneumatic raft - instrumentation station. Rapid melting

Aerial view of drainage from Saefaxi River into floodplain south of Centrum Lake

Weasel sled carrying chunks of ice from Lake to be used for drinking water

Sergeant Parilli, US Army, observes the development of the moat at the south end

View west of Saefaxi River, delta on left. Note soils polygons and damp surface.

US Army helicopter forced to land at edge of Centrum Lake as storm comes in

Measuring ice thickness of Centrum Lake in thawing condition.

Centrum Lake is melting . Free water on surface, several holes in ice developed

Moat forming on Centrum Lake. Ice and gravel mounds pushed ashore by wind

View across flood plain of the Saefaxi River in partial drying condition.

Gauging water level in moat at Centrum Lake to monitor melt conditions

Aertial view of Centrum Lake airstrip on delta.

Field party checks C-130 airdrops on the delta for damage and reports results

Access route - Greenland Ice Cap to Centrum Lake base by Graeselv River

Airdrops from aircraft onto Centrum Lake delta containing fuel, rations, mail

Needleman checks edge of delta under snowcover and drainage features

Using live steam to melt permafrost to be able to drill into the frozen zone

Aerial view, patterned ground of soil polygons on delta at Centrum Lake.

Using heated crowbar chisel to chop frozen soil and extend the drill hole

Air view of Centrum Lake Base Camp toward the north. Note thawed Saefaxi River,

Airstrip at Centrum Lake seen through helicopter window. Ice cover

Aerial view northeast section of delta at Centrum Lake. Saefaxi River

Closer view of airstrip at Centrum Lake through window of helicopter. Ice cover

View of delta, west-northwest, Centrum Lake, Graeselv River - braided stream

Base camp at Centrum Lake from the flood plain. View west

Close-up of snow mound in melting condition of snow cover.

View of small snow mounds along centerline of runway on delta at Centrum Lake.

Limestone formation on east-southeast shore of Centrum Lake.

Man on limestone formation (contact with sandstone) on east-southeast Lake shore

Old Eskimo tent rings on lower terrace at Centrum Lake.

View east of Graeselv River, braided stream, flowing across flood plain

Aerial view of delta at Centrum Lake. Note braided stream of Graeselv River

Drilling 90 drill holes through the snow and ice cover of Centrum Lake

Jamesway hut used for sleeping quarters of the field party.

Constable Bay from Koffee Klub Island (Kaffeklubben O) on Arctic Ocean

Desert vegetation at Centrum Lake.

Wooden drag weighted with 5 gal cans of water and rock to grade runway

High terrace at west end of delta of Centrum Lake.

World aeronautical chart covering Independence Fjord area northeast Greenland.

Test pit in runway at Centrum Lake. Permafrost 36" deep. Melt water in bottom

View northwest of Saefaxi River flowing past delta at Centrum Lake.

View northwest, Centrum Lake airstrip midpoint, base camp west of touchdown

Field party (Needleman, Capt. Klick, Sgt. Craven) leave base camp

Base camp at Bronlunds Fjord. Hard mud cracks of silty-clay. Crowell, Stoertz

Base camp on shore of Bronlunds Fjord. Needleman and Lt. Col. Wilson, USAF

SA-16 aircraft, amphibious, ski-wheeled, lands in Centrum Lake and becomes mired

Personnel are using raft to unload SA-16 aircraft which became mired in the mud

Air Force C-124 flying over runway at low altitude at Bronlunds Fjord

Count Knuth digs under boulders of old Eskimo [Inuit] tent ring, Centrum Lake

Sign: Arctic Terrain Research Program of US Air Force

Sign: Type of Arctic terrain features studied by Air Force

Helicopter from USS Atka searches for clear water through pack ice field

Sael So. (Seal Sea). (R. Sykes)

Grass tussocks on delta at Centrum Lake.

Close-up view of frozen icebergs [floes] in Independence Fjord.

Dan Krinsley prepares thermocouple prior to installation into a test pit

Seismic tests on Ice Island T-3. Note use of snow blocks to prevent interference

Air Force C-47 on skis lands on Ellesmere Island Ice Shelf.

Bulldozer clearing air strip on Ellesmere Island Ice Shelf.

Nick Apollonio, Bowdoin College graduate, installs oceanographic equipment [Spencer Apollonio]

Spencer Apollonio, Bowdoin student, operates oceanographic station equipment [Actually Spencer Apollonio Class of 1955]

Pressure ridges at edge of Air Force Ice Island T-3.

Pack ice near Ice Island T-3.

Preparing ice surface for pond to be flooded on sea ice runway.

Laying out seismic cable in North Star Bay on sea ice near Thule AFB.

Reading deflectometers installed in sea ice north of North Star Bay near Thule

Air Force scientists on U.S.S. Atka. Needleman, Wilson, Klick, Craven, Davies, ?

Lt. Col. Wilson holds sign for special detachment of Operation Groundhog,Thule

View south to flood plain and Saefaxi River draining into Centrum Lake. Corp

Count Eigil Knuth, Danish archaeologist, examining old Eskimo [Inuit] tent ring

Count Eigil Knuth, Danish archaeologist, digs in old Eskimo [Inuit] tent rings

Count Eigil Knuth, Danish archaeologist, digs for artifacts in old tent ring

Skeleton of musk ox found at Centrum Lake.

Frank Maher standing on gravel pushed by Centrum Lake ice onto northwest shore.

Needleman stands amid a series of old Eskimo [Inuit] tent rings located on terrace

Close-up view of old Eskimo [Inuit] tent ring at Centrum Lake's northwest shore terrace.

Kinsella and Blackmon refilling drinking water containers

Kinsella and Blackmon pour drinking water from truck to sled to flush

Close-up view of Jamesway hut for sleeping quarters and operations office

Two outboard motors parked on south shore of Centrum Lake

Weasel vehicle group at Centrum Lake Base that originated on ice cap

Crevasse detector mounted in an array form in front of the lead scout weasels

Closer view of crevasse detector array in front of a scout weasel.

Close-up view of single dish of array as a crevasse detector

View west of Centrum Lake Base Camp. Radio antennas and moist soil

Melting snow mounds on runway on delta at Centrum Lake. Note tents of base camp

Soil polygons at Centrum Lake indicating permafrost underlying the surface.

Ridge between soil polygons reflects stripe pattern ground overlying permafros

Resupply of Lake Peters by C-47 on skis; Northwest Greenland near Thule

Ice coring on Ice Island T-3 (Columbia University student Isacks).

Loading jeep with plow into USS Atka landing barge for transport to shore

Debris and large rock on T-3 ice island, Arctic Ocean. Cabaniss is geologist

Royal Canadian Mounted Police escorting Eskimo [Inuit] children from Ellesmere Island

Aerial view of Cape Morris Jesup; ocean in partial melt; southwest to ice cap

Helicopter survey of Peary Land sites staging from Centrum Lake Base, crew

Celebrating July 4, 1960 at Centrum Lake Base Camp. Anemometer and weather vane

Kitchen in Jamesway hut. Water in fiberglass and aluminum containers

Aerial view of Centrum Lake delta, to northeast. Base camp in background

Surveying of base camp into areal [sp?] map of Centrum Lake area

Jamesway hut for sleeping quarters,

Kinsellar, surveyor, is checking base line of airstrip from Centrum Lake Base

Aerial view of Cape Bridgeman along coast of the Arctic Ocean.

Cape Harald Moltke near site of Bronlunds Fjord, Peary Land.

Tractor carrying tread-ways used to cross rivers and soft areas

Craven, radio operator and technical assistant in kitchen tent.

Geology party of Needleman, Davies, and Klick leave base camp to examine sites

Stoertz of USGS operates penetrometer to determine bearing strength of soil load

[Spencer Apollonio, Bowdoin graduate, on] Ice Island T-3 observing east end of island

Deflectometer installation in sea ice. Tire is runway marker. Sea ice near T-3

US Army helicopter lands personnel of USAF on Lake Peters near Thule AFB.

Drilling hole for deflectometer tests on sea ice runway at Thule Bay. Bulldozer

Frederick E. Hyde Fjord near Kap Bridgeman near Arctic Ocean (by R. Sykes).

Realist electric battery stereo slide viewer. Main unit.

Realist electric battery stereo slide viewer. Display box.

Realist electric battery stereo slide viewer. Battery operated light.

Realist electric battery stereo slide viewer. AC powered light.

Realist electric battery stereo slide viewer. Operating instructions.

Kodak Stereo Camera

Leather case for Kodak Stereo Camera

Operating instructions for Kodak Stereo Camera