Stanley Needleman Collection, 1

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Photographs, Film
complete
8/22/1992
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Image of Initial camp site at Centrum Lake, raised delta location

Initial camp site at Centrum Lake, raised delta location

Image of Unloading of weasel snow vehicle from C-130 ski aircraft on Centrum Lake

Unloading of weasel snow vehicle from C-130 ski aircraft on Centrum Lake

Image of C-130 ski-wheeled aircraft lands personnel and equipment on snow at Centrum Lake

C-130 ski-wheeled aircraft lands personnel and equipment on snow at Centrum Lake

Image of Bare or thawed out spots in snow cover of Centrum Lake terrace.

Bare or thawed out spots in snow cover of Centrum Lake terrace.

Image of Melting of snow on raised delta. Sublimation in site.

Melting of snow on raised delta. Sublimation in site.

Image of Measurement of lake ice thickness. Stan Needleman, USAF, and Al Maher

Measurement of lake ice thickness. Stan Needleman, USAF, and Al Maher

Image of Drilling 90 holes in lake ice cover to determine thickness. Stan Needleman

Drilling 90 holes in lake ice cover to determine thickness. Stan Needleman

Image of Sampling bottom sediments of Centrum Lake. Dr. Daniel B. Krinsely

Sampling bottom sediments of Centrum Lake. Dr. Daniel B. Krinsely

Image of Installing of thermistor cable to measure temperatures; mounted on drums

Installing of thermistor cable to measure temperatures; mounted on drums

Image of Weasel transporting survey party back to base camp at Centrum Lake through snow,

Weasel transporting survey party back to base camp at Centrum Lake through snow,

Image of Centrum Lake.

Image of Dr. Dan Krinsely USGS near Dr. Lauge Koch of Danmarks Fjord cache.

Dr. Dan Krinsely USGS near Dr. Lauge Koch of Danmarks Fjord cache.

Image of Melting of ice formed into needle ice

Melting of ice formed into needle ice

Image of Moat developing around edge of Centrum Lake. Personnel: Dan Krinsely USGS, and ?

Moat developing around edge of Centrum Lake. Personnel: Dan Krinsely USGS, and ?

Image of Field party crosses on moat at Centrum Lake near Dr. Lauge Koch cache

Field party crosses on moat at Centrum Lake near Dr. Lauge Koch cache

Image of Exploring Saefaxi River to Greenland Ice Cap, exposure suits in use

Exploring Saefaxi River to Greenland Ice Cap, exposure suits in use

Image of Lake ice melting

Lake ice melting

Image of Checking bottom sampling tube in Centrum Lake tests.

Checking bottom sampling tube in Centrum Lake tests.

Image of Camp site on north shore of Centrum Lake, moat starting at edge of lake.

Camp site on north shore of Centrum Lake, moat starting at edge of lake.

Image of Needle ice formed on Centrum Lake with melt water drainage

Needle ice formed on Centrum Lake with melt water drainage

Image of William E. Davies USGS and Stan Needleman USAF, leader of Operation Groundhog

William E. Davies USGS and Stan Needleman USAF, leader of Operation Groundhog

Image of Head of Danmarks Fjord. Operation Groundhog, U.S. Air Force

Head of Danmarks Fjord. Operation Groundhog, U.S. Air Force

Image of Centrum Lake Valley. View from the west. Ice cap in the background.

Centrum Lake Valley. View from the west. Ice cap in the background.

Image of Aerial view of raised delta of Centrum Lake. Note the Saefaxi River

Aerial view of raised delta of Centrum Lake. Note the Saefaxi River

Image of Aerial view of Centrum Lake area

Aerial view of Centrum Lake area

Image of Moat of melted water surrounding Centrum Lake

Moat of melted water surrounding Centrum Lake

Image of U.S. Army helicopters at base camp at Centrum Lake.

U.S. Army helicopters at base camp at Centrum Lake.

Image of US Army helicopters based at Centrum Lake.

US Army helicopters based at Centrum Lake.

Image of U.S. Army helicopters based at Centrum Lake.

U.S. Army helicopters based at Centrum Lake.

Image of US Army helicopters staging from Cape Rasmussen and camp established on July 4

US Army helicopters staging from Cape Rasmussen and camp established on July 4

Image of Polar bear along north coast of Greenland.

Polar bear along north coast of Greenland.

Image of Skull of dead muskox mounted on US Army weasel at Centrum Lake.

Skull of dead muskox mounted on US Army weasel at Centrum Lake.

Image of Cache air-dropped from C-130 in 1959 onto Rasmussen land. Used 7/5/1960

Cache air-dropped from C-130 in 1959 onto Rasmussen land. Used 7/5/1960

Image of U.S. Army helicopter pilots, North Greenland coast on Arctic Ocean.

U.S. Army helicopter pilots, North Greenland coast on Arctic Ocean.

Image of [Peary's] Cairn at Cape Morris Jesup. Dr. William E. Davies, Geologist

[Peary's] Cairn at Cape Morris Jesup. Dr. William E. Davies, Geologist

Image of View east, Arctic Ocean in frozen state at shore of Cape Morris Jesup

View east, Arctic Ocean in frozen state at shore of Cape Morris Jesup

Image of View south toward Greenland Ice Cap, terrace at Cape Morris Jesup.

View south toward Greenland Ice Cap, terrace at Cape Morris Jesup.

Image of View west of Cape Morris Jesup - Arctic coast - note terrace of the cape

View west of Cape Morris Jesup - Arctic coast - note terrace of the cape

Image of North coast of Greenland above Cape Bridgeman, Arctic Ocean coastline.

North coast of Greenland above Cape Bridgeman, Arctic Ocean coastline.

Image of Closeup of Cape Bridgeman area, North Greenland coast on Arctic Ocean.

Closeup of Cape Bridgeman area, North Greenland coast on Arctic Ocean.

Image of Food cache air dropped on Cape Morris Jesup with parachute cover.

Food cache air dropped on Cape Morris Jesup with parachute cover.

Image of View west, Cape Morris Jesup. Cache site.

View west, Cape Morris Jesup. Cache site.

Image of Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland. Terrace.

Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland. Terrace.

Image of US Army helicopter pilots open cairn at Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland.

US Army helicopter pilots open cairn at Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland.

Image of View south at Cape Morris Jesup

View south at Cape Morris Jesup

Image of View east at Cape Morris Jesup

View east at Cape Morris Jesup

Image of View southwest at Cape Morris Jesup

View southwest at Cape Morris Jesup

Image of Ice ridges off Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland coast. Arctic Ocean coastline.

Ice ridges off Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland coast. Arctic Ocean coastline.

Image of Refueling helicopters from caches at Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland

Refueling helicopters from caches at Cape Morris Jesup, North Greenland

Image of Cape Morris Jesup Valley. View southeast

Cape Morris Jesup Valley. View southeast

Image of Ice ridges located off Cape Morris Jesup.

Ice ridges located off Cape Morris Jesup.

Image of Close-up view of Cape Morris Jesup, aerial

Close-up view of Cape Morris Jesup, aerial

Image of Official cairn on Cape Morris Jesup. US Army helicopters in background.

Official cairn on Cape Morris Jesup. US Army helicopters in background.

Image of Desert vegetation.

Desert vegetation.

Image of US Army helicopters, base camp at Bronlunds Fjord. Ice on fjord in background

US Army helicopters, base camp at Bronlunds Fjord. Ice on fjord in background

Image of Mid-sommer Lake, Schlussen, ice polish.

Mid-sommer Lake, Schlussen, ice polish.

Image of Map of Robeson Channel indicating all areas along North Greenland coast

Map of Robeson Channel indicating all areas along North Greenland coast

Image of View of Smith Sound World Aeronautical Chart to show areas of investigation

View of Smith Sound World Aeronautical Chart to show areas of investigation

Image of Royal Canadian Air Force C-119 made emergency wheeled landing on soil runway

Royal Canadian Air Force C-119 made emergency wheeled landing on soil runway

Image of Lone musk ox bull cast out by herd near upper terrace of Bronlunds Fjord.

Lone musk ox bull cast out by herd near upper terrace of Bronlunds Fjord.

Image of Landing on shore by SA-16; rafting personnel and equipment for Operation Group

Landing on shore by SA-16; rafting personnel and equipment for Operation Group

Image of Study of soil polygons in foreground near runway site at Bronlunds Fjord site.

Study of soil polygons in foreground near runway site at Bronlunds Fjord site.

Image of Nunataks of Peary Land, North Greenland. View toward ice cap.

Nunataks of Peary Land, North Greenland. View toward ice cap.

Image of North of area surrounding natural runway, Bronlunds Fjord. Icebergs beyond

North of area surrounding natural runway, Bronlunds Fjord. Icebergs beyond

Image of View of raised delta in dry state.

View of raised delta in dry state.

Image of Enroute - Thule AFB to Polaris Promontory by icebreaker U.S.S. ATKA

Enroute - Thule AFB to Polaris Promontory by icebreaker U.S.S. ATKA

Image of Aerial view of Centrum Lake base camp with US Army helicopters. Saefaxi River

Aerial view of Centrum Lake base camp with US Army helicopters. Saefaxi River

Image of Soils engineering tests on runway at Polaris Promontory.

Soils engineering tests on runway at Polaris Promontory.

Image of Advance party of US Army Ice Cap Expedition (Lead Dog Operation)

Advance party of US Army Ice Cap Expedition (Lead Dog Operation)

Image of Loading of C-130 aircraft with equipment and personnel after aircraft landing

Loading of C-130 aircraft with equipment and personnel after aircraft landing

Image of Air Force Arctic Terrain Research Program, Research and Development, Hanscom Bas

Air Force Arctic Terrain Research Program, Research and Development, Hanscom Bas

Image of US Army Lead Dog Expedition on a surface operation on Greenland Ice Cap

US Army Lead Dog Expedition on a surface operation on Greenland Ice Cap

Image of Digging in permafrost at Centrum Lake, snow cover of 2 ft. Use of oil fire to m

Digging in permafrost at Centrum Lake, snow cover of 2 ft. Use of oil fire to m

Image of Drainage from terrace into Centrum Lake; snow cover still on terrace.

Drainage from terrace into Centrum Lake; snow cover still on terrace.

Image of View of Bronlunds Fjord from the air. Note floating icebergs.

View of Bronlunds Fjord from the air. Note floating icebergs.

Image of Measuring depth and contour of Centrum Lake by dropped weight on cable

Measuring depth and contour of Centrum Lake by dropped weight on cable

Image of View of Bronlunds Fjord area. View toward ice cap.

View of Bronlunds Fjord area. View toward ice cap.

Image of View of main Greenland ice cap and access route

View of main Greenland ice cap and access route

Image of Permafrost raised polygons from the air in Peary Land.

Permafrost raised polygons from the air in Peary Land.

Image of View north, frozen Graeselven River. Personnel: Dr. Dan Krinsely USGS.

View north, frozen Graeselven River. Personnel: Dr. Dan Krinsely USGS.

Image of Testing of lake ice during melt of Centrum Lake, average thickness is 4 feet

Testing of lake ice during melt of Centrum Lake, average thickness is 4 feet

Image of Edge of Greenland Ice Cap in Peary Land. Locating a suitable access route down

Edge of Greenland Ice Cap in Peary Land. Locating a suitable access route down

Image of Drainage of high areas into Centrum Lake.

Drainage of high areas into Centrum Lake.

Image of Grassrig (Graeselven) River winding back to ice cap.

Grassrig (Graeselven) River winding back to ice cap.

Image of Edge of Greenland Ice Cap in Peary Land. Searching for access to Centrum Lake

Edge of Greenland Ice Cap in Peary Land. Searching for access to Centrum Lake

Image of View of Grassrig (Graeselven) River toward Greenland Ice Cap. Ice still in lake

View of Grassrig (Graeselven) River toward Greenland Ice Cap. Ice still in lake

Image of Independence Fjord and glaciers flowing adjacent to Bronlunds Fjord [aerial]

Independence Fjord and glaciers flowing adjacent to Bronlunds Fjord [aerial]

Image of Independence Fjord intersects Bronlunds Fjord, glaciers and fjord ice [aerial]

Independence Fjord intersects Bronlunds Fjord, glaciers and fjord ice [aerial]

Image of Aerial view of runway area on Polaris Promontory. Tents in lower left

Aerial view of runway area on Polaris Promontory. Tents in lower left

Image of View north of Saefaxi River draining into Centrum Lake. Raised delta

View north of Saefaxi River draining into Centrum Lake. Raised delta

Image of Icebreaker USCG Westwind, lands Air Force research team plus equipment by LCVP

Icebreaker USCG Westwind, lands Air Force research team plus equipment by LCVP

Image of Landing barge from the icebreaker to Polaris Promontory beach. Required skirting

Landing barge from the icebreaker to Polaris Promontory beach. Required skirting

Image of Tractor crossing on Polaris Promontory. Duckboards were used to ford the rivers.

Tractor crossing on Polaris Promontory. Duckboards were used to ford the rivers.

Image of Aerial view at lower altitude of runway area on Polaris Promontory.

Aerial view at lower altitude of runway area on Polaris Promontory.

Image of Light grading of runway microrelief on Polaris Promontory.

Light grading of runway microrelief on Polaris Promontory.

Image of Completed natural runway on Polaris Promontory. Red flags mark path

Completed natural runway on Polaris Promontory. Red flags mark path

Image of River valleys draining Greenland Ice Cap and flowing into Centrum Lake.

River valleys draining Greenland Ice Cap and flowing into Centrum Lake.

Image of Tussocks on raised delta at Centrum Lake.

Tussocks on raised delta at Centrum Lake.

Image of Aeril view of Centrum Lake and raised delta and Saefaxi River

Aeril view of Centrum Lake and raised delta and Saefaxi River

Image of View north toward Greenland Ice Cap.

View north toward Greenland Ice Cap.

Image of Testing bearing strength at Centrum Lake - proving ring model

Testing bearing strength at Centrum Lake - proving ring model

Image of Arctic char caught in Centrum Lake. Many fish caught in only 3 weeks

Arctic char caught in Centrum Lake. Many fish caught in only 3 weeks

Image of View of raised delta, Centrum Lake. 2 men exploring orientation of runway

View of raised delta, Centrum Lake. 2 men exploring orientation of runway

Image of View of raised delta from moat on Centrum Lake. Some ice still floating in lake

View of raised delta from moat on Centrum Lake. Some ice still floating in lake

Image of Centrum Lake base camp including 2 US helicopters and vehicles.

Centrum Lake base camp including 2 US helicopters and vehicles.

Image of Jaeger birds eating thrown bits of food at base camp.

Jaeger birds eating thrown bits of food at base camp.

Image of Using lake gauge to measure water depth at shoreline on Centrum Lake.

Using lake gauge to measure water depth at shoreline on Centrum Lake.

Image of Geological reconnaissance near Centrum Lake. Stan Needleman USAF

Geological reconnaissance near Centrum Lake. Stan Needleman USAF

Image of Geological reconnaissance of Centrum Lake area about 20 miles from ice cap

Geological reconnaissance of Centrum Lake area about 20 miles from ice cap

Image of View from Bronlunds Fjord.

View from Bronlunds Fjord.

Image of Terrace of Centrum Lake, NE Greenland. Note footprints in loose sand.

Terrace of Centrum Lake, NE Greenland. Note footprints in loose sand.

Image of Lt. Col. Robert H. Wilson USAF, points to selected emergency aircraft runway

Lt. Col. Robert H. Wilson USAF, points to selected emergency aircraft runway

Image of View of raised delta, terrace at Centrum Lake. Note tussocks of vegetation

View of raised delta, terrace at Centrum Lake. Note tussocks of vegetation

Image of Access to Bronlunds Fjord runway site by SA-16 amphibian aircraft, USAF and raft

Access to Bronlunds Fjord runway site by SA-16 amphibian aircraft, USAF and raft

Image of Upper terrace of Centrum Lake. View toward Greenland ice cap. George St...?

Upper terrace of Centrum Lake. View toward Greenland ice cap. George St...?

Image of Lt. Col. Robert Wilson USAF standing on shore of the bay. View northwest

Lt. Col. Robert Wilson USAF standing on shore of the bay. View northwest

Image of Wrecked air-dropped jeep; parachutes mark airfield runway at Bronlunds Fjord

Wrecked air-dropped jeep; parachutes mark airfield runway at Bronlunds Fjord

Image of Soils engineering tests to locate runway on old dry lake bed at Bronlunds Fjord

Soils engineering tests to locate runway on old dry lake bed at Bronlunds Fjord

Image of Bearing strength tests to determine runway orientation and suitability

Bearing strength tests to determine runway orientation and suitability

Image of Soil engineering and permafrost tests in test pits along the proposed runway

Soil engineering and permafrost tests in test pits along the proposed runway

Image of Camp site of Operation Groundhog on runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

Camp site of Operation Groundhog on runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

Image of SA-16 aircraft dropping supplies and mail on runway at Bronlunds Fjord airfield

SA-16 aircraft dropping supplies and mail on runway at Bronlunds Fjord airfield

Image of C-124 at base camp after successful test landings on unimproved natural runway

C-124 at base camp after successful test landings on unimproved natural runway

Image of C-124 aircraft test landing on natural surface runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

C-124 aircraft test landing on natural surface runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

Image of Track of C-124 USAF aircraft on runway, Bronlunds Fjord natural surface. No ruts

Track of C-124 USAF aircraft on runway, Bronlunds Fjord natural surface. No ruts

Image of Testing of bearing strength on runway site at Bronlunds Fjord. Stan Needleman

Testing of bearing strength on runway site at Bronlunds Fjord. Stan Needleman

Image of Aerial view of Bronlunds Fjord runway site and camp area of field party

Aerial view of Bronlunds Fjord runway site and camp area of field party

Image of C-124 coming in for test landing on runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

C-124 coming in for test landing on runway at Bronlunds Fjord.

Image of View of Independence Fjord, Peary Land.

View of Independence Fjord, Peary Land.

Image of Aerial view of runway from helicopter looking north. Arctic Ocean 25 miles away

Aerial view of runway from helicopter looking north. Arctic Ocean 25 miles away

Image of Tractor/grader completed modification of runway surface microrelief.

Tractor/grader completed modification of runway surface microrelief.

Image of Tractor and jeep with trailer were the field transports to prepare runway.

Tractor and jeep with trailer were the field transports to prepare runway.

Image of Loading jeep to provide soil engineering data in testing of runway.

Loading jeep to provide soil engineering data in testing of runway.

Image of Sgt David Craven installs portable radar reflectors at the corners of the runway

Sgt David Craven installs portable radar reflectors at the corners of the runway

Image of C-130 landing on Air Force runway.

C-130 landing on Air Force runway.

Image of Severald test landings were made on the runway.

Severald test landings were made on the runway.

Image of Aircraft tire tracks of C-130 on runway, from the air

Aircraft tire tracks of C-130 on runway, from the air

Image of Aircraft tire tracks on runway.

Aircraft tire tracks on runway.

Image of Icebreaker U.S.S. Atka, ice-bound temporarily. View from shore of Canada.

Icebreaker U.S.S. Atka, ice-bound temporarily. View from shore of Canada.

Image of USCG icebreaker Westwind in Polaris Bay.

USCG icebreaker Westwind in Polaris Bay.

Image of USCG icebreaker Westwind in Polaris Bay launching landing craft.

USCG icebreaker Westwind in Polaris Bay launching landing craft.

Image of Unloading tractor from icebreaker's landing craft on shore of Polaris Promontory

Unloading tractor from icebreaker's landing craft on shore of Polaris Promontory

Image of Field engineering tests using tractor as basic load of test equipment.

Field engineering tests using tractor as basic load of test equipment.

Image of 2 geologists and 1 civil engineer locate/test runways on Polaris Promontory

2 geologists and 1 civil engineer locate/test runways on Polaris Promontory

Image of North shore of thawed out Centrum Lake. 265 ft. average depth.

North shore of thawed out Centrum Lake. 265 ft. average depth.

Image of Two boats, 16 ft & 18 ft, with outboard motors, used to survey Centrum Lake

Two boats, 16 ft & 18 ft, with outboard motors, used to survey Centrum Lake

Image of C-130 aircraft test landing on Centrum Lake runway on raised delta.

C-130 aircraft test landing on Centrum Lake runway on raised delta.

Image of World Aeronautical Chart of Bronlunds Fjord area.

World Aeronautical Chart of Bronlunds Fjord area.

Image of Weasel with sled as prime transport and surveying vehicle from Centrum Lake

Weasel with sled as prime transport and surveying vehicle from Centrum Lake

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